Yolk

Not to be confused with yoke.

An egg yolk surrounded by the egg white

An egg yolk is the part of an egg which serves as the food source for the developing embryo inside. Prior to fertilization the yolk together with the germinal disc is a single cell. Mammalian embryos live off their yolk until they implant on the wall of the uterus. The egg yolk is suspended in the egg white (known more formally as albumen or ovalbumin) by one or two spiral bands of tissue called the chalazae.

As a food, yolks are a major source of vitamins and minerals. They contain all of the egg\'s fat and cholesterol, and almost half of the protein.

If left intact while cooking fried eggs, the yellow yolk surrounded by a flat blob of egg white creates the distinctive sunny-side up form of the food. Mixing the two components together before frying results in the pale yellow form found in omelettes and scrambled eggs.

Uses

Egg yolks as used in cooking

• It is sometimes separated from the egg white and used in cooking (for mayonnaise, custard, hollandaise sauce, crème brûlée, avgolemono, and ovos-moles).
• It is used in painting as a component of traditional egg-tempera.
• It is used in the production of egg-yolk agar plate medium, useful in testing for the presence of Clostridium perfringens.
• Egg yolk also contains an antibody called Immunoglobulin yolk or (IgY). The antibody transfers from the laying hen to the egg yolk by passive immunity to protect both embryo and hatchling from microorganism invasion.
• Egg yolk can be used to make liqueurs such as Advocaat.

Composition of chicken egg yolk

The yolk makes up about 33% of the liquid weight of the egg; it contains approximately 60 calories, four times the caloric content of the egg white.

All of the fat soluble vitamins, (A, D, E and K) are found in the egg yolk. Egg yolks are one of the few foods naturally containing vitamin D.

The composition (by weight) of the most prevalent fatty acids in egg yolk is typically as follows:National Research Council, 1976, Fat Content and Composition of Animal Products, Printing and Publishing Office, National Academy of Science, Washington, D.C., ISBN 0-309-02440-4; p. 203, online edition

• Unsaturated fatty acids:
  • Oleic acid 47 %
  • Linoleic acid 16 %
  • Palmitoleic acid 5 %
  • Linolenic acid 2 %
• Saturated fatty acids:
  • Palmitic acid 23 %
  • Stearic acid 4 %
  • Myristic acid 1 %

Egg yolk is a source of lecithin, an emulsifier.

A large yolk contains more than two-thirds of the recommended daily limit of 300mg of cholesterol.

The yellow color is caused by lutein and zeaxanthin, which are yellow or orange carotenoids known as xanthophylls.

References

External links

Wikibooks Cookbook has an article on

Eggs

Look up yolk in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Eggs from the Agricultural Marketing Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
• Anatomy of an Egg from the Exploratorium
• Making egg tempera from The Society of Tempera Painters

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